2014

Lindt Café Siege

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Introduction

On 15 December 2014, Man Haron Monis entered the Lindt Chocolate Café in Martin Place, Sydney, and took 18 people hostage.

Monis was armed with a sawn-off shotgun and claimed there were bombs inside the café and elsewhere in Sydney. He forced hostages to display a black Islamic flag in the café window, claimed to be acting in support of Islamic State, and demanded an Islamic State flag and contact with Prime Minister Tony Abbott. No explosives were found.

Monis had been known to police and intelligence agencies for years. He had been prosecuted for sending offensive letters to the families of Australian soldiers killed in Afghanistan. At the time of the siege he was on bail, facing an accessory-to-murder charge and 43 sexual and indecent assault charges. Authorities had assessed him as increasingly extreme, but had not identified evidence that he was planning a terrorist attack.

The siege lasted about 16 and a half hours, during which twelve hostages escaped. Shortly after 2:00am on 16 December, Monis fired a shot inside the café. In the ten minutes that followed, before police decided to go in, he shot café manager Tori Johnson in the back of the head at close range. The coroner found Johnson "was executed in the meantime before the decision to enter the cafe was made".

Police then stormed the café and shot Monis dead. Barrister Katrina Dawson was killed by fragments from a deflected police bullet.

Government Response

NSW Police secured Martin Place, evacuated nearby buildings and treated the incident as a potential terrorist attack. Because Monis claimed to be acting for Islamic State and said bombs had been placed elsewhere in Sydney, authorities had to consider whether the siege was part of a wider coordinated attack.

Police adopted a contain-and-negotiate strategy, intended to end the siege peacefully. Negotiators were never able to establish direct communication with Monis, and communicated largely through hostages.

After Monis fired a shot shortly after 2:00am, police waited about ten minutes before entering the café. During that time Monis murdered Tori Johnson.

State Coroner Michael Barnes later found: "The 10 minutes that lapsed without decisive action by police was too long." He made 45 recommendations. He criticised aspects of the negotiation strategy, the failure to keep reassessing the contain-and-negotiate approach, and the reliance placed on advice from a single consultant psychiatrist.

Prime Minister Tony Abbott and NSW Premier Mike Baird announced a joint Commonwealth–NSW review. It examined Monis' dealings with government agencies, intelligence assessments, bail decisions, firearms regulation and the adequacy of counter-terrorism arrangements. Its recommendations included improvements to information sharing, bail procedures and the way terrorism or violent extremism is considered in serious criminal matters.

Summary

The Lindt Café siege ended on the morning of 16 December 2014. Of the 18 people taken hostage, twelve escaped. Tori Johnson was murdered by Man Haron Monis, and Katrina Dawson was killed by fragments from a deflected police bullet during the police assault. Monis was shot and killed by police.

The coronial inquest examined Monis' history, the decisions that kept him on bail, police command arrangements and the handling of the siege. Coroner Michael Barnes found the initial contain-and-negotiate strategy was reasonable, but that police did not adequately reassess it as circumstances changed, and that the delay after Monis fired a shot was too long.

The inquest identified failures and missed opportunities before and during the siege, but did not find that police or prosecutors were responsible for his actions. The Coroner found that Man Haron Monis alone bore responsibility for the siege and the deaths that followed.

You be the judge.

Evidence

Lindt Café Siege
The Lindt Siege: How a lone terrorist terrified a nation (60 Minutes Australia, 2024)

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