UAE links it to the flydubai hijack co-pilot, who studied in Melbourne
An untested UAE claim (The Australian).
Primary Role
The Muslim Brotherhood was founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna, who called for the "progressive moral purification of Muslim societies and their eventual political unification in a Caliphate under sharia law". From the 1950s it built an international network, with Europe "an important base" (UK Government, Muslim Brotherhood Review, 2015).
The UK review, ordered by Prime Minister David Cameron and published in December 2015, found: "The Hamas founding charter claims they are the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Muslim Brotherhood treat them as such"; the Brotherhood had "deliberately, wittingly and openly incubated and sustained an organisation - Hamas"; "the Muslim Brotherhood at all levels have repeatedly defended Hamas attacks against Israel, including the use of suicide bombers and the killing of civilians. The Muslim Brotherhood facilitate funding for Hamas"; and "Senior members of the Muslim Brotherhood routinely use virulent, anti-Semitic language". It found the writings of its leading ideologue, Sayyid Qutb, "have been used to legitimise AQ-related terror", and that there "have been significant differences between Muslim Brotherhood communications in English and Arabic".
On 13 January 2026 the United States designated the Lebanese chapter a Foreign Terrorist Organization and the Egyptian and Jordanian chapters Specially Designated Global Terrorists, citing material support to Hamas. In October 2026 the UAE alleged that the flydubai co-pilot accused of attempting to hijack flight FZ1073 had received support from an association linked to the Muslim Brotherhood while studying in Melbourne; this is a UAE claim, which treats the Brotherhood as a terrorist organisation, and has not been tested.
In France, a government report presented to President Emmanuel Macron's Defence Council in May 2025 found the Brotherhood movement to be a "threat to national cohesion". It named Musulmans de France (formerly the Union of Islamic Organisations of France) as the Brotherhood's national branch, with 139 places of worship affiliated to it and 68 more considered close to it - "seven percent of the 2,800 Muslim places of worship listed in France" (France 24, 21 May 2025). Macron then ordered new measures, including the freezing of funds and wider powers to dissolve organisations. On 22 January 2026 the National Assembly voted 157 to 101 for a non-binding resolution asking the European Union to list the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organisation, and in 2026 the Senate passed, 208 votes to 124, Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau's bill against "Islamist entryism" - the official French term for the Brotherhood's strategy of working inside institutions rather than through violence.
Two internal documents are central to claims about the Brotherhood's long-term plans for the West. "The Project" ("Towards a Worldwide Strategy for Islamic Policy", dated 1982) was found by Swiss investigators in a 2001 raid on the home of Brotherhood financier Youssef Nada and published by Swiss journalist Sylvain Besson in 2005; the Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy (ISGAP, 2025) describes it as outlining "a 100-year plan for advancing Islamic influence in Western countries". The "Explanatory Memorandum" (1991), entered as a US Government exhibit in the 2008 Holy Land Foundation terror-financing trial, describes the Brotherhood's work in America as "a kind of grand jihad in eliminating and destroying the Western civilization from within" (full document below).
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